The Possible Nature of Sub-atomic Particles

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The Possible Nature of Sub-atomic Particles

Consider a point in space whose location can be referenced by the X,Y,Z coordinate system. Each point is conceptually massless. Such a point is called the primitive-form-point. There exists a primitive-form-point within the protons and neutrons of an atom. Theoretically, any length can be divided and sub-divided into smaller and smaller infinitesimally small fractional units of length. (Composition of material substance - How small can it get) That being said, mass can be divided forever but there must exist the absolute smallest sub-atomic particle.

The very center of an atom is what causes the four fundamental forces which are gravitational, electromagnetic, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. The strong nuclear force is the binding force or energy that holds the nucleus of an atom together, protons and neutrons.

The smallest sub-atomic particles orbit the primitive-form-points located in the very center of protons and neutrons. In order to maintain an orbit whether it be elliptical or circular, centripetal and centrifugal force must be equal, must be in equilibrium or the object will loose its orbit, its order, its structure. Centripetal force from the Latin words centrum ("center") and petere ("tend towards"), pulls an object towards the center of its path of curvature and centrifugal force pulls outwards both causing tension on the object. It is interesting to note that if these forces exceed the binding force maintaining the objects structure, the object will break apart into more fundamental units of mass and release energy in the process.

In order for an object to maintain orbit, there must exist centripetal force. The question then is – where does the energy come from to keep the smallest subatomic particles in orbit if what is in the center, the primitive-form-point, a conceptual point in space, is massless? It would seem to me that this is where the laws of Newton and Einstein intersect and begin.

Based on the findings of Hideki Yukawa and Brian Reid - (A Physics Professor that I visited in a nursing home for a while):

Consider the radius of a sphere, that radius representing the distance the smallest sub-atomic particle is from the primitive-form-point, again being the center of protons and neutrons. This radius would be equal to Planck's Constant divided by (mass X the speed of light).

From Max Planck's observations, the amount of energy required to vibrate or increase orbital oscillation of the same number of particles even if they be sub-atomic at a given frequency in the same interval of time is a constant. Planck discovered that there existed a smallest undividable unit of energy called the Quanta, in Latin, "how much", which is where Quantum Mechanics comes from. Energy is transmitted or redistributed in units of Quanta in which the mass of a light wave, a photon, possesses one quanta.

However since the absolute smallest sub-atomic particle has never been discovered, there may even exist an even more fundamental unit of energy corresponding to the size of the smallest sub-atomic particle, for mass possesses energy and energy accelerates or decelerates mass in Newton’s equation, Force = Mass X Acceleration and in Einstein’s equation energy = mass X (speed of light squared).
            2
e = mc

Again, consider that the radius of a sphere the smallest sub-atomic particle is in the path of or distance from the primitive-form-point is Planck's Constant divided by (mass X the speed of light).

           h (Planck’s Constant)
r = -----------------------
                       mc

Net force applied over a distance is work done or energy. So, force from the primitive-form-point applied over a distance(replacing distance with radius from the previous formula) would be in the form of centripetal force propagating at a certain frequency keeping the smallest sub atomic particle in orbit.

energy = ?(F X distance)

So energy can be in terms of Net force X distance(radius) or energy = Net force applied to (Planck's Constant divided by (mass X the speed of light).
                            h
energy = ?(F X –-- )
                            ct

Distance = radius which also = speed of light X time. The force, for example, the strong nuclear force, in wave form, from the primitive-form-point applied over a distance on one of the smallest sub-atomic particles (smaller than a photon) is propagating at the speed of light with inertia or faster without inertia as will be shown later:

d = c X t

energy = ?(F X c X t)

Appling the same net force to distance squared:
                                   h
E = ?(F  X  c  X  t X ----) = F  X  c  X  h
                                   ct
           2
E = mc = ?(F  X  distance)

   2       2                  h                                   2  4
E  = mc  X  ?(F X –---) = F  X  c  X  h = m c
                                ct

Solving approximately for the energy or force that the primitive-form-point applies in the form of centripetal force through a wave on the sub-atomic particle, with the assumption that the force propagating through a wave from the primitive-form-point would be traveling at the speed of light or faster (Because, this particle would be smaller than a photon) and the radius in Yukawa’s formula has similar behavior to the particle he predicted, yields:

          2  3
       m c
F = -----
         h

I think this equation applies to the most smallest sub-atomic particles at the very center of atoms at the primitive-form-point. Although, there may be some particles at the very center, again nearest to the primitive-form-point, that are transient and only exist for a very short period of time under certain conditions of interaction with each other.

Centrifugal Force and Centripetal Force both would be simultaneously applied to such a particle (the smallest sub-atomic particle - smaller than a quark?)

Such a particle would be traversing with angular(vector directional change) momentum(m X V) = energy of sub-atomic particle

These extremely small particles would resonate and propagate forces in the form of field waves 360 degrees on a 2-D (2 dimensional) plane and rotated another 360 degrees, 3-D, in (3 dimensional space) would propagate field waves in all directions at all angles around it, whether they be gravitational, nuclear strong and weak, electro-magnetic, and even other forces we have not yet discovered, that dissipate and lose strength over distance and time. Some practical examples of this in a larger proportion that convey the concept, can be seen below:

Planck’s constant (h) is a number that he discovered through a series of constant observations that any transfer of energy in a given time period, that it takes to transfer that energy is a constant, no matter what material that transfer of energy took place in and is a multiple whole value and not a fraction of Planck’s constant.
                                         e
h(Planck’s Constant) = ---
                                         v(frequency)

energy = h X v(frequency)
                                      2
                       e       mc
frequency = --- = ----
                       h         h

                           h                                         h
wave length = ---       =            -------------------
                           p(momentum)     m  X  V(velocity)

wave velocity (from the primitive-form-point) = frequency X wave length

                                  2                                      2
                             mc                 h                 c
wave velocity = ----  X  ----------  =  ---
                               h              m X V             V

I think that there are three fundamental properties of at least four sub-atomic particles responsible for the four known forces:

1) Its radius/distance from its primitive-form-point
2) Its own spherical radius
3) Its velocity/angular momentum about its primitive-form-point

This tremendous force or energy from the primitive-form-point, perhaps applied to the various smallest sub-atomic particles is what causes the four fundamental forces which are gravitational, electromagnetic, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. For example, Einstein's principle of equivalence in which gravitational acceleration is indistinguishable from acceleration, such that the angular momentum, for example of a sub-atomic particle, is a form of acceleration due to its constant vector’s change in direction may cause gravitational force.

If centripetal force becomes greater than centrifugal force on a sub-atomic particle orbiting the primitive-form-point or the sub-atomic particle gets hit inward, a black whole may be initiated. If centrifugal force becomes greater than centripetal force or the sub-atomic particle gets hit outwards, an absolute enormous amount of energy would be released - perhaps this is how a super-nova starts.

Hypothetically, the smallest sub-atomic particle can exist outside an atom and orbit around wherever there is a massless point in space, a primitive-form-point. These extremely small particles could comprise the medium that light itself, the four fundamental forces on earth and perhaps other types of energy propagate through wave form.

...

Inertia essentially is the resistance to acceleration and deceleration. In the current world of space, time, matter and energy we can not achieve: "Friction when you want it and Friction when you do not want it." In the book of Genesis in the Holy Bible we are told that Eve and her offspring would now have to give birth travailing in pain and suffering (due to the property of inertia). Prior to Adam and Eve I believe the innate property of Inertia that matter has did not exist. There was complete cooperation of the natural elements with God, its Creator. Nothing resisted God and there was perfect conservation of energy, and no energy loss in the transfer of energy in actions and reactions. This would seem to indicate that the speed of light also was much much faster than it is now and this would yet lead to a conclusion the age(the length of time as we measure the earth orbiting once around the sun) of creation is mysteriously far far less than what we may think - (perhaps seven periods of 6 X 1 thousand years) ???

You see - the fall of Adam and Eve was so bad - that the result was that all matter was given the property of inertia - the resistance to acceleration and deceleration - which is far less than perfect.

If the earth was a marble placed in the end-zone of a football field and the sun was a large 1 yard yellow birthing ball on the other end-zone - and someone was in the stands watching light travel from the sun (yellow birthing ball) - they would observe light traveling around 8 1/3 minutes to go from the sun to the marble earth. Inertia prevents light from traveling its original speed before Adam and Eve. And so - you see - light traveled much much faster before the fall of Adam and Eve - and so - solar systems and galaxies did not take so long to form - proportionally speaking.

God created Creation in 6 days and rested on the 7th day. The 7th day is now - about 6000 years (Adam to Abraham - 2000 years, Abraham to Christ Jesus - 2000 years, Jesus Christ to now - 2000 years). And so - God created new and different things from the beginning of time to Adam - (6 X 6000) 36,000 years - and rested on the 7th day - that is God ceased to create new things - but rested. And so the 7 days may be 7 X 6000 years which is no more than 50,000 years old. So Creation from these considerations indicate that the age of the Universe is no more than 50,000 years old.

Again - Inertia is essentially resistance to acceleration and deceleration which is far far less than perfect. It is actually a form of disorder - punishment if you will. Inertia is what I believe - the result of the fall of Adam and Eve - original sin is the punishment of the soul - and inertia is the punishment of the body and all matter. Inertia disordered the whole Universe. The whole Universe before the fall of Adam and Eve was in perfect order and all the elements were in perfect cooperation with each other. There existed no loss of energy in any transfer of energy - in a particular system - particularly in actions and reactions. So it is kind of silly to try to understand perfectly in science the Universe as it is now for the reason that it is quite disordered and far from the perfection it once had before the fall of Adam and Eve. At the end of time - The whole Universe will return back to its original perfection - a new creation.

I believe that Science and Technology should be studied for the purpose of glorifying God who is the Author of Science and Technology and to further to bring about the will of God on earth as it is in Heaven.

Again - Inertia - I believe is part of the punishment that began after the disobedience and fall of Adam and Eve. God put Inertia in all matter after the fall as a punishment - in my opinion. And the punishment of Eve delivering children in toil, labor and suffering is due to Inertia in matter - even in our physical bodies and all matter. We can not now achieve "Friction when you want it and Friction when you do not want it" - like it was before Adam and Eve in my opinion.

Again - Genesis 3:16 is the foundation for my argument - that Eve and her offspring would deliver children in pain and suffering - and this is in my opinion due to the property of inertia as a punishment. Inertia I believe is what prevents light from traveling its original speed - which was far far faster before Adam and Eve fell.

...

I think the absolute smallest sub-atomic particles do not possess the property of inertia, the resistance to acceleration and deceleration whether an object be stationary or in constant velocity. Take a look at Einstein’s equations:

We know that as an object approaches the speed of light its mass approaches infinity. The question is what prevents something from traveling faster than the speed of light? It is inertia.

A particle without the property of inertia neither resists acceleration nor deceleration. So in an instant, a sub-atomic particle orbiting its primitive-form-point can actually cross the threshold of the speed of light and exceed it.

             rest (stationary) Mass
Mass = -------------------------
                           ________________
                          /                  2
           ---        /                v
                 \    /   1   -   -------
                  \  /                     2
                   \/                    c

              rest (original) Time
Time = --------------------------
                           ________________
                          /                  2
           ---        /                v
                 \    /   1   -   -------
                  \  /                      2
                   \/                    c

As v, velocity approaches the speed of light Mass and Time change significantly. If the velocity of the smallest sub-atomic particles can surpass the speed of light through a temporary loss of inertia, Mass and Time aspects of a sub-atomic particle are now in terms of a square root of a negative number which are known as imaginary numbers - ( i ) - and are complex and undefined. It is interesting to note that this equation does not consider in this particular circumstance, that the mass/object, is not traveling in a straight line, but is in orbit having a certain velocity, and also possesses angular momentum and acceleration due to its constant vector’s change in direction. Einstein's principle of equivalence does not take into account angular momentum of an object in orbit whose velocity is increasing or accelerating. Equivalence deals with objects traveling in a straight line. In this case, there are two types of acceleration: 1) velocity in an orbit increasing or acceleration and 2) the angular momentum of the object in orbit which is a form of acceleration. How does this added factor of an object in orbit that is accelerating affect the change in Mass and Time? - POSSIBLY:

L = mvr
L = angular momentum
m = mass
v = velocity
r = radius

v (velocity) = distance / time
t (time) = distance / velocity
d (distance) = v X t

                                   delta Velocity
acceleration = ----------------------
                                     delta Time

??
                 rest (stationary) Mass
Mass = ---------------------------------
                                          ______________
                                         /           4
                                        /          v
                                       /         ----
                      ---          /              2
                            \      /              t
                             \    /  1  -  ---------
                              \  /                 2
                               \/                c

??
                 rest (original) Time
Time = ----------------------------------
                                          ______________
                                         /            4
                                        /           v
                                       /          ----
                      ---          /              2
                            \      /              t
                             \    /  1  -  ---------
                              \  /                 2
                               \/                c

I think photons and particles infinitesimally smaller than photons are made up of mass units in terms of imaginary numbers, square roots of negative numbers, the square root of negative 1 = i. These particles, I believe made up of mass units in terms of imaginary numbers make up the medium through which light travels and other fundamental forces through wave form.

I think these fundamental sub-atomic particles that are mainly de-inertialized and in terms of imaginary mass and time units can be inertialized if they interacted with other sub-atomic particles. In such a case, if they were pulled into an outer orbit from the primitive-form-point, they would “materialize” so to speak, and be in terms of real mass and time units. If these particular fundamental sub-atomic particles were pulled into an inner orbit towards the primitive-form-points they would de-inertialize. Some Scientists believe that, again some of these extremely small sub-atomic particles, smaller than quarks, are transient and only exist for a very short period of time under certain conditions of interaction with each other, and in my opinion inertializing and de-inertializing closest to the primitive-form-points in the atom. This is all theoretical and my own opinions.

More thoughts on the age of the Universe ???

Here is some evidence that the age of Creation / the Universe is no more than 50,000 years old - Just a THEORY - that makes sense to me - any ways.

What if at the beginning of creation there was no friction - but there was appropriate fiction when needed and no friction when not needed - (the ideal situation) - no resistance to deceleration or acceleration. Chapter 3 in Genesis tells us this fact in that Adam did not have to put "effort"/work into getting things done and Eve would not have pain in child-bearing - before they sinned - (NO Inertia in the beginning). And so - the speed of light in a medium(space) that has no inertia - would be much much faster - proportionally speaking - than now. And so - God created creation in 6 time periods and rested on the 7th "day" - time period - (that is, did not create any new types of creatures in the 7th time period). We are in the 7th "day" of creation - which is approximately 2000 years from Adam to Abraham, 2000 more years from Abraham to Christ Jesus and roughly 2000 more years from Jesus to his Second Coming - the consummation of the world - the end of time. So 1 "day" - would be roughly 6000 years and so 7 "days" or 7 time periods would be 42,000 years - and NOT Billions of years - for the reason that galaxies and solar systems would form much much faster - proportionally speaking - because the innate property of inertia slows everything down tremendously - including the speed of light, formation of all heavenly systems - galaxies, solar systems, stars, planets, moons etc. And so we can see that there was no inertia for the first 6 "days" - that is first 6 time periods and the Inertia - we know now - for the 7th "day" - that is - roughly - the last 6000 years. I'm Not trying to figure out when the end of the world will be - but merely show/demonstrate that the age of Creation / The Universe is about 42,000 years old.

When trying to calculate the age of the Universe, it would be helpful to have a standard unit of measurement for time. We use the amount of time it takes for the earth to go around the sun as this standard unit of measurement. Well - 40,000 years ago, there was no earth going around the sun for the reason that the earth was not yet formed and the sun in our solar system was not yet there. And so, we are dealing with two different units of measurement for time which complicates things. The first unit of measurement for time was when the property of inertia did not exist in matter and the second unit of measurement for time is considered with the fact that matter now has the property of inertia, after the fall of Adam and Eve and also using the time it takes for the earth to orbit the sun which we now know of as one year.

Well - actually - come to think more on it, again - TIME itself - in the first 6 time periods - would be measured differently than how we measure 1 year now - the Time it takes the earth to orbit the sun 1 time. And - so - Only God knows the amount of total time for the first 6 "days" or time periods - that the Universe was being formed where light speed was in a frame of reference with no inertia - measured according to only God's View-Point - and not by our view-point. Because the first 6 "days" or time periods were again, in a frame of reference with no inertia - time would be measured differently than in the 7th "day" - approximately 6000 years. With two different rates of measuring time - we leave this question with God who only knows. But the point is - that the age of the universe is not Billions and Billions of years old. And as my father-in-law says to me sometimes - GOD IS IN CONTROL - PEACE OUT...