What are some proofs for the existence of God?

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Saint Paul in one of his letters to the Romans tells us that there is no excuse to not conclude that God exists.1 We need to make a slight assumption here that Holy Scriptures provide and proclaim truth and were inspired by God. This fact and the history of God's people as is taught, explained and described in the Bible is one of the basis for demonstrating that God exists.

Holy Scriptures were written by inspired men who lived many years, sometimes centuries apart. The sequential, chronological, historical, true sequence of events that actually and really took place as well as the moral principles recorded in the Bible describing and explaining the same true story, so to speak, could not have taken place and not be possible unless a Supreme Being, God in the Person of the Holy Spirit, beyond the limitations of time, had inspired the Scripture writers to have written the books of the Holy Bible with such consistency. The fact that the Divine Person of Jesus Christ fulfilled dozens of Holy Scripture passages that were written and foretold of him long before he was even born of the Blessed Virgin Mary emphatically indicates that God exists. The truth that Jesus is true God and true Man as is indicated by Holy Scriptures² also demonstrates that the Holy Bible was inspired by God and that He indeed does exist.

Other reasons that God exists:

Nothing moves itself. Suppose then that we reason back down the line of moving things until we come to the first moving thing, The question then arises, What made this first thing move? For it could not start itself. This First Mover is God. A person may ask, "What caused this?" when he looks at anything in the universe, will lead him back from one cause to another to another until he reaches back to the first created cause. But the question is still unanswered. What caused this cause? And the only answer that makes sense is that the First Cause of all is independent; no one caused it; it exists of itself. This first uncaused Cause is God.

Something can not come from nothing. The next question might be, what or who caused God. The answer to this question is in understanding the difference between time and eternity. In time, created by God, which has a beginning and will have an end³, things change; they have a beginning and an end. In eternity, nothing changes and nothing has a beginning or an end. God exists in eternity, and therefore had no beginning, will never have an end, and never changes.⁴

Things and beings did not "just happen." We see as we look back in history traces of ancient civilizations that designed and built cities. We see that more advanced civilizations built and designed more sophisticated cities and technology. The human being is the most complex being in existence amongst all creatures. We know that someone had to design man; he did not just come about at random and clearly did not design himself. God perfectly designed and created man and all creatures and all things.

Some beings and things depend on other beings and things for their existence. We can conclude that if there were not some being outside the universe who was not dependent upon any other being, then there just never would be anything. God is that being who is dependent on nothing and in whom all living things, creatures, and things are dependent on.⁵

Demonstration of the existence of God based on the proof that time had a beginning and is distinct from eternity:

Time is a continuum, the duration of successive, continuous, irreversible, chronological, and sequential instances progressing forward in such manner that the present instant of time progresses forward in time known as the flow of time. This one and only one present instant, in which simultaneous events can occur, as it progresses forward into time causes its prior past instant to exist and the next future instant to exist as the new present instant.

Time had a beginning and can be demonstrated as such even for those who do not believe in God. The key to providing evidence for proofs that time had a beginning is in the understanding of the relationship between the present and the past. A past instant can not exist without the one present instant progressing forward in time. A hypothetical beginningless time has infinite past instances. For this to be possible the one present instant would have had to have progressed forward in time and caused all infinite past instances to exist. However, the one present instant progresses forward in such a manner that it "produces" one past instant one at a time in a process that begins and ends. This process is the one present instant existing and then progressing forward in time to the next instant causing a new past instant to exist.

Every process has a beginning, and the flow of time is a process by which the present instant moves to the next instant one instant at a time. This fact is the key to showing that time had a beginning without the aid of theology. We know for certain that time will end, because our Lord said so and we believe on his Divine authority:

"Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you. And behold I am with you all days, even * to the consummation of the world. *" (Matthew 28:20)

We can be sure that at some time, the present instant caused the very first past instant to exist. The fact that the one present instant travels forward in time makes it not possible for the one present instant to have caused an infinite number of past instances. If time did not have a beginning point, then that would mean the present moment was never traveling forward because each and every past moment was caused by the present moment traveling forward. If the present moment was never traveling forward then there could not be even one past moment which shows that time indeed did have a beginning. There had to be a beginning point of time through which all other points of time proceed from.

Time itself is intangible - in that we can not actually "touch" it with our senses - though measurable, very real, and in fact man governs his activities around his temporary life on earth.

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The Bible was never meant to be a scientific reference book but was meant to proclaim the essential truths and examples we need to live the faith in a moral life to reach eternal salvation in Heaven. Scientific opinions or beliefs can never contradict Holy Scriptures or the Magisterium of the Church, for example, the scientific belief that time had no beginning or will never have an end, or for example, that the Universe is of infinite size, growing, or expanding, would be an error condemned by Blessed Pope Pius IX in his Syllabus of Errors condemning pantheism.

Blessed Pope Pius IX condemned pantheism in his Syllabus of Errors

Error condemned by Pope Pius IX:

"There exists no supreme, most wise, and most provident divine * being distinct from the universe *, and God is none other than nature, and is therefore subject to change. In effect, God is produced in man and in the world, and all things are God, and have the very substance of God. God is therefore one and the same thing with the world, and thence spirit is the same thing with matter, necessity with liberty, true with false, good with evil, justice with injustice..." All action of God upon man and the world is to be denied." ... "Human reason, without any regard to God, is the sole arbiter of truth and falsehood, of good and evil; it is its own law to itself, and suffices by its natural force to secure the welfare of men and of nations."

Therefore the truth would be:

There indeed exists a supreme, most wise, and most prudent divine being distinct from the universe, and God transcends mere nature, and is immutable and not subject to change. In effect, man is distinct from the very substance of God, although sharing and participating in His Divine life, by adoption from the Father, won for us by his only begotten Son in the love and unity of the Holy Spirit. God is not one and the same thing with the world, and thence spirit is on a level of reality that transcends and is far above and beyond matter - that true liberty is obedience to, and observance of the commands of Christ and His Church, busying ourselves freely in the service of God. That truth is not confused with that which is false, good with that which is evil, and justice with that which is unjust.

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To say that time had no beginning or will never have an end would violate the law of conservation of energy which states that the total energy of a system and its surroundings is constant, in other words, no energy is lost; it remains in the surrounding system. This would also apply to the total matter and space of a system, the largest being the universe, which is a constant. Therefore, time, as well, created by God, is finite, and is distinct from God who created it, so it has a constant number of instances, with a beginning and an end. If time did not have an end, it could not be distinguishable from God who created it. The belief that time had no beginning or will not have an end, is an error, again, condemned by Blessed Pope Pius IX, known as pantheism - that consists in those who believe that all of creation and its aspects, is not distinct from its Creator.

Since time had a beginning, a being had to create it, for every effect has a cause. Time did not always exist as does eternity. If this being that created time had a beginning then by the same principle, some other being had to create that being that created time, and if that being also had a beginning then yet another being had to create him. It is metaphysically not possible for their to be an infinite series of beings that create each other with no root, with no one being that had no beginning. Simply, one supreme being created time dependent on no other being for His existence, otherwise, again He would have had a beginning and not be supreme. The fact that this being had no beginning, demonstrates that he is the one Supreme Being upon which all else is dependent on for existence.

The one present instant of time progressing forward can not metaphysically have caused an infinite past consisting of infinite instances before it. The Supreme Being, God, exists in an instant that came from no beginning. If the instant God exists in progresses forward, then it would cause past instances - a present instant that travels forward without a beginning is absolutely not possible, as was shown in the proof above that time had a beginning. A present instant with no beginning can not travel forward with an infinite past in the fact that again, time had a beginning. The moment God exists in does not travel forward. Since this instant has no beginning, does not travel forward creating past instances and causing future instances to become new present instances, then it sits still. It is an eternal "present" moment.

Saint Thomas Aquinas, The "Angelic Doctor"

(The Summa Theologica, First Part - Question 10 - The eternity of God, Article 4, "Whether eternity differs from time?")

The "now" of time is the same as regards its subject in the whole course of time, but it differs in aspect; for inasmuch as time corresponds to movement, its "now" corresponds to what is movable; and the thing movable has the same one subject in all time, but differs in aspect a being here and there; and such alteration is movement. Likewise the flow of the "now" as alternating in aspect is time. But eternity remains the same according to both subject and aspect; and hence eternity is not the same as the "now" of time.

The "now" of time, which is not the same as eternity, is the same instant progressing forward and is dependent on prior instances. One of the things that makes time so different than eternity is in the fact that the present depends on all past moments - on all past history and determines the future of time. But in eternity, God and His blessed live in one instant that is dependent on no other instances, hence change does not exist, that is, change in the state of one's soul, whether in sanctifying grace or mortal sin. In eternity, every "experience" is as though it was for the very first time and the Blessed always possess the Beatific Vision of God before them, no matter what they do or where they are.

The fact that all created things and creatures including time itself, clearly had a beginning, that God Our Creator, the Creator of all things and creatures who sustains all that exists and that God is eternal and in no way dependent on time, emphatically shows us that God again, indeed exists.

1. Romans 1:20
2. Passages proclaiming that Jesus is true God and true Man:
    Matthew 1:23, Mark 2:5-7, John 1:1, John 5:18, John 20:27-29, Philippians 2:5-7, Colossians 1:15, Colossians 2:9
3. Matthew 28:20
4. Malachi 3:6 James 1:17
5. Based on the Summa Theologica (First Part, Question 2 - The existence of God, Article 3) and On "Reason's Arguments For The Existence Of God" Library Of Congress Catalog Card Number: 57-11577 Nihil Obstat: Rt. Rev. Msgr. Arthur F. Terlecke, Censor Deputatus Imprimatur: +Samuel Cardinal Stritch, D.D., Archbishop Of Chicago January 7, 1958